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Based on the self-assembly process occurring in the human body all the time, self-assembled nanomaterials were designed by the researchers. The self-assembled nanomaterials have controllability, biocompatibility and functional advantages in vivo. The self-assembled nanomaterials constructed in situ under a physiological environment display various biological characteristics which can be used for imaging, therapy, and broad clinical applications. In situ self-assembled nanomaterials can boost drug function, reduce toxic and side effects, prolong imaging time and enlarge signal-to-noise ratio. By using pathological conditions to trigger specific responses in vivo, well-ordered nanoaggregates can be spontaneously formed by multiple weak bonding interactions. The assembly shows higher accumulation and longer retention in situ. Endogenous triggers for in situ assembly, such as enzymes, pH, reactive oxygen species and ligand receptor interaction, can be used to transform the materials into a variety of controllable nanostructures including nanoparticles, nanofibers and gels through bioactivated in vivo assembly (BIVA) strategies. BIVA strategies can be applied for treatment, imaging or participate in the physiological activities of cells at the lesion site. This review summarized and prospected the design of self-assembled peptide materials based on BIVA technology and their biomedical applications. The nanostructures of the self-assembly enable some beneficial biological effects, such as assembly induced retention (AIR) effect, enhanced targeting effect, multivalent bond effect, and membrane disturbance. Thus, the BIVA nanotechnology is promising for efficient drug delivery, enhancement of targeting and treatment, as well as optimization of the biological distribution of drugs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Delivery Systems , Nanofibers/chemistry , Nanoparticles , Nanostructures/chemistry , PeptidesABSTRACT
@#AIM: To observe the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept for diabetic macular edema(DME)with different patterns of optical coherence tomography(OCT).<p>METHODS: A total of 96 patients(96 eyes)with DME were classified as diffuse retinal thickening(DRT group, 35 eyes), cystoid macular edema(CME group, 33 eyes)and serous retinal detachment(SRD group, 28 eyes)according to the OCT. All patients were treated with intravitreal injection of 0.5mg(0.05mL)conbercept. The changes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central foveal thickness(CFT), the injection times and vision improves eyes were compared between three groups after 1,3,6mo treatment.<p>RESULTS: After 6mo follow up, the BCVA of the three groups showed a significant downward trend(<i>F</i><sub>time</sub>=205.880, <i>P</i><sub>time</sub><0.01), and there were significant differences among the three groups(<i>F</i><sub>group</sub>=3.472, <i>P</i><sub>group</sub>=0.042). The DRT group had the best BCVA after treatment. The CFT of the three groups showed a significant downward trend(<i>F</i><sub>time</sub>=392.994, <i>P</i><sub>time</sub><0.01), and there were significant differences among the three groups(<i>F</i><sub>group</sub>=5.046, <i>P</i><sub>group</sub>=0.012). The reduction of CFT in the DRT group and CME group were better than that in the SRD group. The DRT group had the least injection times, and the highest proportion of vision improves eyes after 6mo follow up.<p>CONCLUSION: The intravitreal injection of conbercept could significantly improve the visual acuity and reduce the CFT of DME with different OCT patterns. And DRT is the most effective type with the least injection times.
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The clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment process of the Gnathostoma infected patient were collected,and epidemiological investigation was carried out.The investigation results showed that the patients with eating wild boar in stomach nematode,the worms were removed by gastroscopy and examined by microscopy,small spines in the body,the spines of the posterior part and the posterior part of the body are thinner.The patient was confirmed cases of infection by Gnathostoma.
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NUP155 is a kind of important nucleoporins on the nuclear pore complex which plays an important role in the process of mediating macromolecular substances passing in and out of the nucleus. Primary cardiac arrhythmia is one of the important reasons to lead to sudden death, mainly due to the mutations of the gene which codes ion channel on the myocardial cell membrane, so it's also known as "cardiac ion channel disease".NUP155 is the first found non-ion-channel gene that its mutations can lead to primary cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This article mainly focuses on the structure and biological function of NUP155 and its relationship with Primary arrhythmic sudden cardiac death.
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Objective:To investigate the mechanism of IL-37 in inhibiting osteoporosis. Methods:Ninety-seven patients with osteoporosis and eighty-one fracture surgery patients without osteoporosis in our hospital from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015 were selected as study subjects. The serum level of IL-37 and IL-6 were detected. Construction of IL-37 transgenic mice, the C57BL/6J mice, IL-37 transgenic mice were set in sham operation group ( Sham ) , operation group ( ovariectomy, OVX ) respectively. The serum level of estrogen,alkaline phosphatase( ALP) ,calcium and phosphorus were detected after 8 weeks. The bilateral femur and spine of mice were collect after sacrifice,the morphology and structure of the femur were analyzed,and the bone density was measured by bone density me-ter. The bone marrow stromal cells( BMSCs) were isolated and cultured in vitro. The proliferation ability of BMSCs,expression of M-CSF and IL-6,and the activation of STAT3 were detected. IL-37 was transfected into mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell,M-CSF and IL-6 in cultured supernatant were measured by ELISA. Apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The activation of STAT3 was detected by Western blot. Results:The serum level of IL-37 in patients with osteoporosis were significantly lower than control group (P<0. 05),while IL-6 was significantly higher than control group(P<0. 05). The serum level of estrogen,calcium and phosphorus in OVX group of C57BL/6J mice and IL-37 transgenic mice were significantly lower than the sham operation group(P<0. 05),while the level of ALP was significantly higher than sham operation group ( P<0. 05 ) , but the serum level of calcium and phosphorus in OVX group of IL-37 transgenic mice were significantly higher than C57BL/6J mice(P<0. 05). The pathological section of femur and spine BMD showed that the bone tissue in C57BL/6J mice and IL-37 transgenic mice in OVX group were damaged and the bone density decreased significantly,but IL-37 transgenic mice was significantly better than C57BL/6J mice(P<0. 05). The proliferation ability BMSCs in OVX group of IL-37 transgenic mice was significantly higher than C57BL/6J,while the activation of STAT3 and expression of M-CSF were significantly lower than C57BL/6J(P<0. 05). The expression of M-CSF and IL-6 were inhibited after MC3T3-E1 cell was transfected with IL-37,and the activation of STAT3 were also inhibited after IL-37 transfection. The results of flow cytometry showed that IL-37 could significantly inhibit the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion:The serum level of IL-37 in patients with osteoporosis decreased significantly. IL-37 may inhibit the proliferation of BMSCs and inhibit the apoptosis of osteoblasts by regulating the expression of M-CSF and the activation of IL-6-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the mechanism of IL-37 in inhibiting osteoporosis. Methods:Ninety-seven patients with osteoporosis and eighty-one fracture surgery patients without osteoporosis in our hospital from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015 were selected as study subjects. The serum level of IL-37 and IL-6 were detected. Construction of IL-37 transgenic mice, the C57BL/6J mice, IL-37 transgenic mice were set in sham operation group ( Sham ) , operation group ( ovariectomy, OVX ) respectively. The serum level of estrogen,alkaline phosphatase( ALP) ,calcium and phosphorus were detected after 8 weeks. The bilateral femur and spine of mice were collect after sacrifice,the morphology and structure of the femur were analyzed,and the bone density was measured by bone density me-ter. The bone marrow stromal cells( BMSCs) were isolated and cultured in vitro. The proliferation ability of BMSCs,expression of M-CSF and IL-6,and the activation of STAT3 were detected. IL-37 was transfected into mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell,M-CSF and IL-6 in cultured supernatant were measured by ELISA. Apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The activation of STAT3 was detected by Western blot. Results:The serum level of IL-37 in patients with osteoporosis were significantly lower than control group (P<0. 05),while IL-6 was significantly higher than control group(P<0. 05). The serum level of estrogen,calcium and phosphorus in OVX group of C57BL/6J mice and IL-37 transgenic mice were significantly lower than the sham operation group(P<0. 05),while the level of ALP was significantly higher than sham operation group ( P<0. 05 ) , but the serum level of calcium and phosphorus in OVX group of IL-37 transgenic mice were significantly higher than C57BL/6J mice(P<0. 05). The pathological section of femur and spine BMD showed that the bone tissue in C57BL/6J mice and IL-37 transgenic mice in OVX group were damaged and the bone density decreased significantly,but IL-37 transgenic mice was significantly better than C57BL/6J mice(P<0. 05). The proliferation ability BMSCs in OVX group of IL-37 transgenic mice was significantly higher than C57BL/6J,while the activation of STAT3 and expression of M-CSF were significantly lower than C57BL/6J(P<0. 05). The expression of M-CSF and IL-6 were inhibited after MC3T3-E1 cell was transfected with IL-37,and the activation of STAT3 were also inhibited after IL-37 transfection. The results of flow cytometry showed that IL-37 could significantly inhibit the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion:The serum level of IL-37 in patients with osteoporosis decreased significantly. IL-37 may inhibit the proliferation of BMSCs and inhibit the apoptosis of osteoblasts by regulating the expression of M-CSF and the activation of IL-6-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the effectiveness and safety of pranoprofen combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treat-ment of moderate and severe dry eyes. METHODS:180 patients with moderate and severe dry eyes were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 90 cases in each group. Control group was given Sodium hyaluro-nate eye drops,one drop each time,tid,and received physical therapy as cleaning eyelid,hot compress and glandulae tarsales mas-sage. Observation group was additionally given Pranoprofen eye drops,one drop each time,tid. A treatment course lasted for 2 weeks. The monocular corneal fluorescence staining score,break-up time of tear film(BUT),dry eye symptom scores,ShirmerⅠtest (SIT) before and after treatment,clinical efficacy and ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:2,4 weeks after treatment,monocular corneal fluorescence staining scores and dry eye symptom scores of 2 groups were significantly lower than be-fore treatment;BUT and SIT were significantly longer than before;those indexes after 4 weeks of treatment were significantly bet-ter than after 2 weeks of treatment;those indexes of observation group after 2,4 weeks of treatment were significantly better than those of control group at the same time,with statistical significance (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For moderate and severe dry eyes,prano-profen combined with sodium hyaluronate can effectively control ocular inflammation and improve tear film stability. It shows defi-nite therapeutic efficacy and good safety.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify whether abnormal expression of calcium/calmodulin dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) and inhibitors of differentiation 1 (ID1) exist in Fb of keloid, and to observe the effect of artesunate on two genes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen samples of keloid and 12 samples of normal skin tissue (discarded) excised from patients admitted to our hospital were collected. Tissue particle adherent method was used in the primary culture of Fb, and cells from the third to the eighth passage were used for test. Expressions of CASK and ID1 in Fb harvested from both sources were observed with immunofluorescence staining. Fb of keloid were stimulated with artesunate in various concentration for different time, and the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined with the MTT colorimetric assay, which served as the intervention concentration of artesunate. Fb of normal skin were set as normal control group (NC, treated with medium solution). Fb of keloid were divided into scar control group (SC, treated with medium solution) and scar administration group (SA, treated with artesunate in IC50). The cycle and apoptosis of Fb were detected with flow cytometric assay, and the nucleic acid and protein expressions of CASK and ID1 of Fb in each group were determined with RT-PCR and Western blotting. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD-t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expressions of CASK and ID1 were detected in two kinds of Fb. The concentration of 75 mg/L was selected as the intervention concentration of artesunate. (1) There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in the percentages of cells in G0/G1 phase and G2/M phase (with F values respectively 118.064 and 163.840, P values all below 0.01). The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase of group SA was (91.4 ± 1.4)%, which was significantly higher than that of group SC and group NC [respectively (80.7 ± 0.3)% and (82.4 ± 0.6)%, with t values respectively 12.740 and 9.872, P values all below 0.05]. The percentage of cells in G2/M phase of group SA was (6.9 ± 0.3)%, which was significantly lower than that of group SC and group NC [respectively (13.7 ± 0.3)% and (12.7 ± 0.8)%, with t values respectively 43.702 and 12.276, P values all below 0.05]. (2) There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in the early and late apoptotic rates (with F values respectively 61.879 and 4710.862, P values all below 0.01). The early and late apoptotic rates of group SA were respectively (7.1 ± 1.0)% and (14.9 ± 0.3)%, which were significantly higher than those of group SC and group NC [with early apoptotic rate respectively (2.6 ± 0.4)% and (2.7 ± 0.3)%, t values respectively 7.974 and 7.767, P values all below 0.05; with late apoptotic rate respectively (2.3 ± 0.3)% and (2.5 ± 0.4)%, t values respectively 72.882 and 69.792, P values all below 0.05]. (3) The mRNA expression of CASK in group SC was 0.658 ± 0.024, and it was lower than that of group NC (1.076 ± 0.008, t = 28.997, P < 0.01) and group SA (0.855 ± 0.008, t = 13.549, P < 0.01). The protein expression of CASK in group SC was 0.067 ± 0.007, and it was lower than that of group NC (0.179 ± 0.015, t = 12.042, P < 0.01) and group SA (0.132 ± 0.010, t = 9.498, P < 0.01). (4) The mRNA expression of ID1 in group SC was 0.416 ± 0.006, which was higher than that of group NC (0.317 ± 0.020, t = 8.299, P < 0.01) and group SA (0.217 ± 0.009, t = 32.417, P < 0.01). The protein expression of ID1 in group SC was 0.789 ± 0.034, and it was higher than that of group NC (0.366 ± 0.029, t = 16.341, P < 0.01) and group SA (0.114 ± 0.006, t = 33.978, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is speculated that CASK and ID1 participate in the proliferation of Fb in keloid. The mechanism of artesunate in inhibiting the proliferation of Fb in keloid may be related to the up-regulation of CASK and down-regulation of ID1.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Apoptosis , Artemisinins , Pharmacology , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Guanylate Kinases , Genetics , Metabolism , Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Keloid , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
This study was purposed to evaluate the safety and curative effect of autologous cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) combined with low-dose IL-2 regimen containing immune enhancement of thymic peptide on elderly patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Thymic peptide α1 was subcutaneously given as the immunoenhancement agent at a dose of 1.6 mg/d, 14 days as one cycle. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from 5 patients with B-CLL were isolated once a week to induce ex vivo CIK cells through culture in the context of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. The PBMNC were separated from patients before and after 14 days as one cycle of thymic peptide α1 administration. Parameters of amplification ability, effector cells quantity, lymphocyte subgroups percentage and antitumor cytotoxicity were compared before and after thymic peptide administration. The 5 patients were treated with CIK cells combined with low-dose IL-2 regimen immediately after injection of thymic peptide α1. The CIK cells plus low-dose IL-2 regimen containing thymic peptide enhancement was defined as: thymic peptide α1 1.6 mg/d was subcutaneously administered once every other day; (4 - 6) ×10(9) of CIK cells were transfused followed by IL-2 subcutaneous administration of 1 mU/d on days 1-10, 28 days as one cycle. Clinical evaluation parameters including cellular immunity function, CLL related biomarkers, disease state and infectious frequency and degree were investigated before and after CIK cells infusion puls IL-2. The results showed that the amount of amplified CIK cells, the percentage and amplification times of effector cells and antitumor cytotoxicity more significantly increased after thymic peptide α1 treatment than before its use (P < 0.05). The total 46 cycles of CIK cells infusion plus IL-2 were completed in the 5 CLL patients. No adverse reaction was observed. After treatment of CIK cells plus IL-2, the general conditions of 5 CLL patients were to different extent improved. Simultaneously, percentages of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), and CD3(+)CD56(+) cells in peripheral blood remarked by raised (P < 0.05), the serum level of β2 microglobulin was significantly declined (P < 0.05), and the frequency and degree of infection was also decreased (P < 0.05). Following CIK cells plus IL-2 therapy, the transformation of disease state from partial remission (PR) to complete remission was seen in 3 patients, from stable disease (SD) to PR in 1 patient, and from progress of disease to SD in 1 patient. It is concluded that the regimen of autologous CIK cells combined with low-dose IL-2 containing immune enhancement of thymic peptide is safety and effective for the treatment of elderly patients with B-CLL.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Interleukin-2 , Therapeutic Uses , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell , Therapeutics , Thymosin , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of autologous cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells combined with IL-2 in treatment of elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 6 elderly MDS patients and were stimulated by cytokines in vitro to form CIK cells. The autologous CIK cells were then infused back into the corresponding patients. The regimen was repeated every 4 weeks. Effector cell proportion changes, adverse effects, effects on inflammation, hemoglobin level and blood transfusion were assessed after treatment. The results showed that after autologous CIK cell infusion, the percentages of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+) and CD3(+)CD56(+) increased significantly (p < 0.05). No severe adverse effects were observed in all patients. It also significantly reduced inflammation frequency and shortened high fever duration. During stable stage of disease, the CIK cell infusion could reduce the red blood cell infusion amount and stabilize hemoglobin level. However, the natural course of transformation from myelodysplastic syndromes to high-risk subtypes could not be changed by CIK cell treatment. It is concluded that the autologous CIK cell infusion is a safe and effective therapy for geriatric myelodysplastic syndrome.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells , Immunotherapy, Adoptive , Lymphocyte Transfusion , Myelodysplastic Syndromes , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of autologous cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells combined with IL-2 in treatment of elderly patients with B-cell malignant lymphoma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from 9 elderly patients with B-cell malignant lymphoma, and then induced into CIK cells by IFN-γ, IL-2 and monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD3. The autologous CIK cells [(2-3)×10(9)] thus obtained were infused back to individual patients, then followed by subcutaneous injection of IL-2 at single daily dose of 1×10(4) U/day for 10 consecutive days. The regimen was repeated every 4 weeks and total 64 cycles of CIK cell transfusion were completed. The changes in cellular immune function, tumor-related biological parameters, imaging characteristics, the condition of remission, quality of life and survival time were assessed. 7 patients received 8 cycles of CIK cell infusion, and 4 cycles were completed in 2 patients. The results showed that no adverse reaction was observed in all above mentioned patients. The percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56+ increased significantly (p<0.05), and serum levels of β2-microglobulin and LDH were markedly decreased (p<0.05) after autologous CIK cell transfusion. The lymphoma symptoms were relieved with quality of life obviously elevated (p<0.01) in all patients. Complete remission was seen in 8 patients. Though one patient received 8 cycles of CIK cell transfusion therapy and achieved transient very good partial remission, but he died of acute large-area myocardial infarction and persistent progression of lymphoma. In conclusion, regimen of autologous CIK cells combined with IL-2 is safe and effective for the therapy of elderly patients with B-cell malignant lymphoma.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Immunotherapy, Adoptive , Interleukin-2 , Therapeutic Uses , Killer Cells, Natural , Allergy and Immunology , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The aim of study was to explore the efficacy of cytokine induced autologous killer (CIK) cell infusion as an immune therapy for elderly patients with hematological malignancies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from 20 elderly patients with hematological malignancies, and then augmented by priming with human recombinant interferon gamma (rhIFN-γ) followed by human recombinant interleukin 2 (rhIL-2) and monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD3. The obtained autologous CIK cells [(2-3)×10(9)] were infused back to individual patients, then followed by subcutaneous injection of IL-2 at single daily dose of 1×10(6) U for 10 consecutive days. The regimen was repeated every 4 weeks and total 136 cycles of CIK cells transfusion were completed. The changes in cellular immune function, tumor-related biological parameters, imaging characteristics, the condition of remission, quality of life (QOL) and survival were assessed. The results indicated that 14 patients received 8 cycles of CIK cells infusion, and 4 cycles were completed in 6 patients. No adverse reaction was observed in all patients. The percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56+ cells increased significantly (p<0.05), and serum levels of β2-microglobulin and LDH markedly decreased (p<0.05) after autologous CIK cells transfusion. The tumor-related symptoms were relieved, QOL obviously improved (p<0.01) in all patients. Complete remission was seen in 11 patients, and partial remission was observed in 7 patients. It is concluded that the autologous CIK cell infusion can improve immunity in elderly patients of hematological malignancies and displays its effectiveness and safety for elderly patients.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Allergy and Immunology , Therapeutics , Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells , Hematologic Neoplasms , Allergy and Immunology , Therapeutics , Immunotherapy, Adoptive , Methods , Killer Cells, Natural , Allergy and Immunology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of compound Puerarin on collagen IV of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetic nephropathy rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were allocated randomly to control group (10), diabetes model group (10), Vitamin C group (10), Puerarin group (10), vitamin C plus Puerarin group (10). The study period lasted for 12 weeks. During and after the treatment, the general state, blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, serum collagen IV, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary albumin excretion rate of the 24-hour, and clearance rate of creatinine collagen IV protein were determined by immunohistochemistoche analysis as well as type the gene expression of collagen IV alpha 1 mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization analysis in the kidney tissue of different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Diabetes mellitus and renal function lesion occurred in the four groups. (2) Vitamin C and Puerarin could improve the general conditions of diabetic Rats, decrease blood urea nitrogen [(8.68 +/- 0.43), (7.98 +/- 0.47) and (5.76 +/- 0.82) micromol/L, serum creatinine [(74.68 +/- 8.20), (75.52 +/- 7.98) and (58.66 +/- 6.65) mmol/L], and urinary albumin excretion rate of the 24-hour [(18.40 +/- 0.37), (17.24 +/- 0.30) and (9.97 +/- 1.27) mg/24 h x 10(-3)]; increase clearance rate of creatinine [(0.59 +/- 0.21), (0.61 +/- 0.14) and (0.69 +/- 0.32) ml/min], the expression of collage IV absorbance [(111.56 +/- 14.61), (110.78 +/- 9.69) and (95.44 +/- 9.97) ] in the diabetic Rats were significantly inhibited at the same time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The compound Puerarin might have some functions on preventing ren by inhibiting expression of type IV collagen.</p>